Slide 01 / 18
Talk · GreenSEO April 2026
How to build confidence in your web sustainability credentials.
A look at some common web sustainability claims. Break them down. Rebuild stronger. Things we can say today and what's coming tomorrow as the industry matures.
Claim 01 · The claim
The claim most green hosts are making
"
We run on 100% renewable energy.

You'll find this on almost every green hosting provider's website. It's the most common claim in the space.

It is a fair assumption this means "my host runs entirely on renewable energy." This is unambiguous. Right?

Claim 01 · Under the surface
"100% renewable" almost always means certificate matching.
Your host bought enough renewable energy certificates to cover their annual consumption on paper. The electrons your server actually ran on came from whatever was on the local grid. It's not a lie, it's a much weaker definition than the one you bought into. And renewable energy is only one dimension of green hosting.
01
Energy procurement
02
Grid carbon intensity
03
Power usage effectiveness
04
Hardware lifecycle
05
Waste heat recovery
01
Are you running on a 100% renewable electricity grid, or are you off-grid? If certificates, which type, hourly-matched?
02
Can you give me the energy and emissions data for my specific use of your service with a transparent methodology?
Claim 01 · The rebuild
We use a green host.
Our host procures hourly-matched renewable energy, operates in a low-carbon grid region, and runs extended server lifecycles. No provider leads on everything, we chose deliberately and can explain the tradeoff.
Claim 02 · The claim
The claim the tool gave you
"
We saved 30% carbon through image optimisation.
This is the number the tool gave you after you did good work on your site. It feels concrete. It has a percentage. You did the right thing, so what's the problem?
Claim 02 · Under the surface
The action was right. The claim was fragile.
The 30% came from a model that treats all bytes equally. Reduce bytes, reduce carbon, linearly. But network energy doesn't scale like that. Sending less data is genuinely better (faster pages, less device time, lower CDN cost) but the carbon number is an artefact of the model, not a measurement of what changed.
Claim 02 · The rebuild
Our pages are optimised to W3C guidelines.
All media assets are compressed, correctly sized, and served in modern formats - following W3C WSG guidelines 3.2, 3.3, 4.3. This reduces page weight, improves performance, and lowers energy demand on end-user devices. We don't claim a specific carbon saving because the models aren't mature enough to support one.
The point
Anchoring to a named guideline is more defensible than a carbon number from a model you can't explain. The honest claim is about practice, not a percentage.
Claim 03 · The claim
The claim on your sustainability page
"
Our website is
rated B.
This is the badge on your sustainability page. You ran the free tool, it gave you a letter, run with it.
Claim 03 · Under the surface
A rating like this tests one page. You may have thousands.
There is no regulated methodology, no standardised threshold. That doesn't mean the rating isn't useful - it is. But a single page, one model, one moment tells you nothing about your website. Extrapolating a homepage rating to thousands of pages with different weights, functions, and traffic patterns is statistically indefensible.
Claim 03 · The rebuild
Our site's average page rating is B.
Sampled across page types, weighted by real traffic - the average rating a visitor actually encounters on our site. We name the tool, acknowledge its limits, and state our sample size.
Why traffic-weighted? A median tells you how the typical page performs - blind to traffic. A traffic-weighted mean tells you what the typical visitor encounters. Impact scales with visits, not pages.
Claim 04 · The claim
The claim in your sustainability report
"
Our website emits 2.4 tonnes CO₂e per year.
This is in your annual sustainability report. It looks precise. It has decimal places!
Claim 04 · Under the surface
One page times total visits is not a measurement.
One page's per-visit estimate × total annual visits. That assumes every page has the same footprint, every visit is identical, and the model's uncertainty doesn't compound. A text article and a checkout flow don't weigh the same, your total could be off by an order of magnitude.
Claim 04 · The rebuild
Our website emits 2.4 tonnes CO₂e per year.
Same claim. Defensible evidence:
01
Representative sample across page types
02
Weighted by actual traffic from analytics
03
Measured across multiple time periods
04
Named model, published methodology
05
Scope stated, what's in, what's not
What's next
From individual claims to system-level web sustainability.
The direction of travel
Away from proxies. Toward guidance and measurement.
Built to
the latest guidelines
W3C Web Sustainability Guidelines
WSG
Measured to
recognised standards
Software Carbon Intensity
ISO/IEC 21031
The dream
Our web estate is sustainable.
Built and maintained to the latest web sustainability guidelines, and measured to recognised standards, across the whole lifecycle from end-user to data centre. The guidelines exist. The standards exist. The organisations that start engaging today are the ones that won't scramble when this becomes the baseline.
Come and talk to me
Adam Newman.
R&B
Co-founder
Root & Branch
GSB
Co-organiser
Green Software Brighton
GSF
Co-chair
SCI for Web · Green Software Foundation
W3C
Invited Expert
Web Sustainability Guidelines
What I'm working on
Product
Cardamon
Web sustainability measurement model and developer tooling.
cardamon.rootandbranch.io
Paper
Statistical Sampling
Representative measurement of large-scale web estates.
Coming soon
Case study
GitHub
Agentic sustainability workflows, measuring before and after.
Results pending
Thank you
Any questions?